Eczema, a group of non-contagious skin conditions characterized by an itchy and scaly rash, can be caused by various factors. The two most prevalent forms of eczema are atopic and contact dermatitis. Atopic eczema is primarily caused by an overactive immune system and genetic alterations, while contact dermatitis occurs when the skin is irritated by direct contact with certain substances. It is worth noting that eczema is prevalent in approximately one-third of the population, with children under the age of five being the most affected demographic.
Genetic Factors Contributing to Eczema
Research indicates that individuals with eczema are more prone to possessing a genetic mutation that leads to a shortage of the protein filaggrin. Filaggrin is a crucial component of the outer layer of the skin, responsible for retaining moisture and preventing the entry of harmful germs and chemicals. When filaggrin deficiency occurs, it can result in the development of dry skin, creating an opportunity for irritants and allergens to infiltrate. In cases of atopic dermatitis, the immune system reacts to these substances by triggering inflammation, causing redness, and provoking itching sensations.
Environmental Factors and Eczema Flare-Ups
Various environmental factors can contribute to triggering an eczema flare-up. These factors include dust mites, pet dander, pollen, and certain foods. When exposed to these allergens, the immune system reacts by causing inflammation and an itchy rash. Additionally, climate plays a role in eczema flare-ups, with both hot and cold extremes potentially exacerbating symptoms. Individuals residing in areas with high pollution levels may also experience an increased susceptibility to these allergic reactions.