Hyperparathyroidism is a relatively uncommon disease that tends to affect individuals aged 50 and above, with a higher prevalence among women than men. This condition is characterized by abnormally high levels of calcium in the blood, which is caused by the over-production of parathyroid hormones. The parathyroid glands, located in the neck, are responsible for producing and releasing these hormones into the bloodstream as part of the body’s endocrine system.
Each hormone produced by the endocrine glands has specific functions, and in the case of the parathyroid glands, they produce parathyroid hormone (PTH) to maintain the proper balance of calcium in the body. PTH regulates the levels of calcium in the blood, as well as the release of calcium from the bones. It also plays a role in the absorption of calcium in the small intestine and its excretion through urine.
Understanding the Different Types of Hyperparathyroidism
Hyperparathyroidism is a medical condition characterized by the overactivity of the parathyroid glands, resulting in an excessive secretion of the parathyroid hormone (PTH). There are two primary types of hyperparathyroidism: primary and secondary.
1. Primary Hyperparathyroidism:
In this type, the parathyroid glands become enlarged, leading to the overproduction of PTH. As a result, the calcium levels in the blood become elevated, a condition known as hypercalcemia. High levels of calcium in the blood can cause a range of health issues. The most effective treatment for primary hyperparathyroidism is surgical removal of the overactive parathyroid gland.
2. Secondary Hyperparathyroidism:
Secondary hyperparathyroidism occurs as a consequence of another underlying disease or condition. Initially, it causes a decrease in calcium levels in the blood. In response, the parathyroid glands release more PTH hormone to compensate for the low calcium levels. Over time, this results in a significant increase in the hormone’s concentration in the bloodstream.
Understanding the different types of hyperparathyroidism is crucial for accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment. If you suspect any symptoms related to hyperparathyroidism, it is important to consult with a medical professional for proper evaluation and guidance.
No apparent symptoms
Parathyroid disease can be diagnosed accurately even before symptoms become apparent. In most cases, symptoms only become noticeable when there is dysfunction or damage to other tissues or organs in the body. The elevated levels of calcium in the blood or urine are usually responsible for these symptoms. Additionally, the calcium content in bones will also start to show abnormalities. However, sometimes the symptoms can be so mild and subtle that they go unnoticed. As a result, it becomes challenging for doctors to relate these symptoms to parathyroid malfunctions. Consequently, the condition is often only diagnosed when it has already reached a severe stage.