Risk Factor: Hormone Issues
Individuals with an underactive thyroid (hypothyroidism) often have a higher likelihood of developing sleep apnea. However, it remains uncertain whether there is a direct hormonal connection between these two conditions. Hypothyroidism is frequently associated with weight gain, which is itself a risk factor for sleep apnea. If the thyroid becomes enlarged, it can lead to airway narrowing, exacerbating sleep apnea symptoms.
Conversely, acromegaly is characterized by excessive production of growth hormone by the pituitary gland. This hormonal imbalance causes various changes in the body, including the growth of soft tissues in the upper airway. These changes can result in the obstruction of the airway during sleep, primarily due to the enlargement of the tongue and uvula at the back of the throat.
Risk Factor: Enlarged Tonsils and Obesity
When it comes to sleep apnea, certain factors can increase the risk of airway obstruction during sleep. One such factor is enlarged tonsils, which are often found in children and young individuals with sleep apnea. Fortunately, removing the tonsils can typically resolve this issue.
Another risk factor for sleep apnea is excessive neck circumference, which is often associated with obesity. During a sleep apnea assessment, a neck circumference greater than 17 inches for men and 16 inches for women is considered indicative of an increased risk of the condition.