The Rubella virus, commonly known as German measles, is a viral infection characterized by a unique red rash. While it shares similarities with measles, it is caused by a different virus that is typically less contagious and less severe. In the United States, the majority of children receive the measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine twice before entering school, resulting in a very low incidence of rubella in the country. However, individuals who have not been vaccinated, particularly unvaccinated adults who were not born in the U.S., as well as infants who have not yet received the vaccine, remain susceptible to contracting rubella.
The Spread of the Rubella Virus
Rubella, caused by the Togaviridae Rubivirus, is a viral infection that can easily spread from one person to another. The transmission of this virus occurs through various means, including coughing, sneezing, and direct contact with respiratory secretions like mucus. In addition to airborne droplets, sharing food and drinks with an infected individual can also lead to infection.
Although the introduction of vaccines has significantly reduced the incidence of rubella in the United States, there are still reported cases, particularly among adults who were not immunized during childhood, especially those born in other countries.
Pregnancy and Rubella
Contracting rubella during pregnancy can pose a significant risk to both the mother and the unborn child. If you have not been vaccinated against rubella and happen to get infected while pregnant, the virus can be transmitted through your blood, exposing your baby to the infection as well. This increases the chances of your baby developing congenital rubella syndrome, which is associated with various symptoms and complications.
Infants born to mothers who had rubella during pregnancy are at a higher risk of experiencing low birth weight and size, heart problems, hearing loss, vision impairment, liver or spleen damage, congenital disabilities, and even death. It is important to note that vaccines cannot be administered to pregnant women, so it is crucial for anyone who has not been vaccinated to take extra precautions and avoid contact with individuals who are unwell while pregnant.