Even though smallpox has been officially eradicated since 1980, and there have been no reported cases of natural infection since then, it remains a terrifying disease. Various research organizations, including the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, continue to study smallpox and its treatments and prevention methods in case of a potential bioterrorism attack. Smallpox is highly contagious and has a significant fatality rate. It usually manifests in localized outbreaks. Fortunately, widespread vaccination efforts have successfully eliminated this disease from our daily lives. Nonetheless, it is crucial to be aware of the signs and symptoms should there ever be a resurgence.
Identifying Smallpox: Flat, Red Spots
When it comes to detecting smallpox, one of the initial noticeable indications is a distinctive skin rash. This rash manifests as flat, red spots, and it commonly starts on the face. Subsequently, these spots will begin to appear on the arms, legs, hands, and feet. Within a span of 1-2 days, they will also emerge on the torso. It is crucial to note that smallpox is highly contagious during this period and can be transmitted through various means, primarily through direct contact. It is essential not to confuse these spots with those of chickenpox, as chickenpox tends to be itchy and initially more raised. If you observe the presence of flat, red spots on your face and extremities, prompt medical attention should be sought to ensure proper care and treatment.
Smallpox and the Onset of Fever
One of the initial indicators of smallpox is the emergence of a high fever. Typically, this fever manifests itself approximately two weeks after contracting the smallpox virus. Prior to the onset of fever, individuals are not contagious and do not experience any symptoms. However, once the virus completes its initial incubation period, flu-like symptoms including fever start to appear. While the fever may not initially raise concern, it is crucial for individuals who develop a rash after experiencing a fever to promptly seek medical attention. In most instances, the fever subsides as the rash starts to form, only to peak again once the rash progresses into blisters.