Ludwig’s angina, also known as sublingual space infection or submandibular space infection, is an uncommon yet rapidly spreading cellulitis that is caused by a bacterial infection in the oral cavity. This condition results in swelling of the floor of the mouth, which in turn displaces the tongue. It primarily affects individuals in the middle-aged group and can lead to severe and potentially life-threatening consequences if not promptly treated using a combination of antibiotics and surgical procedures.
Causes of Ludwig’s Angina
Ludwig’s angina is a serious condition that can be caused by various factors. In fact, about 60 to 85% of cases are linked to dental infections, specifically those affecting the second and third molars in the lower jaw. The severity and progression of the infection depend on factors such as the anatomy of the affected area, the patient’s immune system resistance, and the type and potency of the bacteria involved.
In addition to dental infections, there are other less common causes of Ludwig’s angina. Mouth injuries, such as cuts on the floor of the mouth, tooth extractions, mandibular fractures, tongue piercings, or even otitis media, can also introduce the infection.
Symptoms of Ludwig’s Angina
When someone develops Ludwig’s angina, they typically experience symptoms that are similar to any immune response to an infection. This includes having a fever and experiencing chills. The affected area is usually tender, and in some cases, there may be sensitivity or pain extending into the throat. A notable symptom is the swelling of the tongue, which can increase up to two or three times its normal size. This swelling can cause the tongue to be pushed forward or backward, leading to potential difficulties in breathing or swallowing.