Empty Sella Syndrome, also referred to as arachnoidocele, is a medical condition characterized by the absence of the pituitary gland within its designated space in the skull. While the exact prevalence of this syndrome remains uncertain, some studies suggest that it may be more common than previously believed, affecting up to 35 percent of the general population.
The Sella Turcica
The sella turcica is a concave depression located at the base of the skull, which serves as a housing for the pituitary gland. When it comes to partially empty sella syndrome, this depression is filled with cerebrospinal fluid, while a small pituitary gland is present at the bottom. However, in cases of completely empty sella, the sella turcica is entirely filled with cerebrospinal fluid, without any visible pituitary gland.
Understanding Primary Empty Sella Syndrome
Primary empty sella syndrome is a condition characterized by a defect in the pituitary gland, leading to the filling of the sella turcica with spinal fluid. This condition may cause individuals to have elevated levels of prolactin, a hormone responsible for regulating various bodily functions such as metabolism, the immune system, and the reproductive system. Additionally, some individuals with primary empty sella syndrome may exhibit a smaller-than-normal pituitary gland. In rare cases, increased pressure within the sella turcica may lead to the drainage of spinal fluid through the nasal passages.