Fascioliasis is a parasitic infection caused by two types of flatworms, namely Fasciola gigantica and Fasciola hepatica. The latter is known as “the sheep liver fluke” and “the common liver fluke.” These parasites primarily target the liver. Although they can be found on every continent except Antarctica, developing countries have reported the highest number of fascioliasis cases. However, there have also been a few reported cases in Western Europe and even in the United States. Thankfully, this condition is both preventable and treatable.
The Lifespan of Fasciola Parasite
The life cycle of the fasciola parasite initiates when infected herbivores like cattle, sheep, buffalo, llamas, and other animals pass their feces in freshwater sources. The eggs from these infected animals hatch into larvae, which then infect a specific species of water snail. Inside the snail, the larvae reproduce and release more larvae into the water. These larvae attach themselves to the stems and leaves of aquatic and semi-aquatic plants, forming small cysts. Humans acquire the parasite by consuming contaminated aquatic plants such as watercress and water mint.
Recognizing the Symptoms of Fascioliasis: Acute Phase
Upon ingestion of the fascioliasis parasite, an individual may experience an incubation period lasting from a few days to several months. Subsequently, the acute phase ensues, which spans a duration of two to four months. Throughout this period, the immature worms navigate through the intestinal wall and the protective membrane encompassing the internal organs, known as the peritoneum. Subsequently, they penetrate the liver’s surface and consume liver tissues until reaching the bile ducts. Consequently, the worms instigate the destruction of liver cells, leading to internal bleeding. Infected individuals may encounter debilitating abdominal pain, liver enlargement, fever, skin rashes, and nausea during the acute phase of the illness.