Perianal hematomas, also known as perianal thromboses, are a condition characterized by the accumulation of blood in the tissues surrounding the anus, outside the blood vessels. These hematomas can vary in size depending on the cause and seriousness, often causing intense pain. The formation of a perianal hematoma is typically the result of injury or excessive pressure on the anus, leading to the rupture of small blood vessels. While some perianal hematomas can resolve on their own, others may require specialized treatment.
Symptoms of Perianal Hematomas
Perianal hematomas are characterized by the presence of a cluster of blood beneath the skin surrounding the anus. These blood collections typically appear as blue or deep purple discolorations. They can manifest as a small bump or bulge, or in severe cases, as a swelling as large as a tennis ball. The growths are often accompanied by pain and may cause the passing of bloody stools if the hematoma is currently bleeding.
Common Causes of Perianal Hematomas
Perianal hematomas occur when there is excessive strain on the blood vessels surrounding the anus. There are several common causes of this condition.
One of the main causes is constipation. When a person is constipated and strains to pass stool, it can lead to the rupture of blood vessels around the anus, resulting in a perianal hematoma.
Pregnancy and childbirth can also contribute to the development of perianal hematomas. The pressure exerted on the anus during these processes can cause the blood vessels to rupture.
Engaging in activities that put excessive pressure on the anus, such as lifting heavy weights or experiencing severe coughing, can also lead to the formation of perianal hematomas. Additionally, certain medical procedures and prolonged periods of sitting can contribute to the development of this condition.