Lactose intolerance is a common condition that may cause discomfort for those who consume dairy products. Individuals with lactose intolerance have difficulty digesting the sugar, known as lactose, found in milk and other dairy products. Consuming a glass of milk or enjoying a bowl of ice cream can lead to symptoms such as diarrhea, gas, and bloating. This condition is medically referred to as lactose malabsorption, which occurs due to a deficiency of an enzyme produced in the small intestine. Interestingly, some individuals with lower levels of lactase, the enzyme responsible for lactose digestion, are still able to tolerate milk products without any issues.
Symptoms of lactose intolerance
If you frequently experience the following symptoms after consuming dairy foods, it is recommended to consult with your doctor. There are various tests available to determine if you have lactose intolerance. Doctors differentiate between lactase deficiency, known as hypolactasia, and a complete absence of lactase, known as alactasia, which is a rare congenital condition.
The Role of the Intestine in Lactose Intolerance
Lactose intolerance occurs when there is a deficiency of the enzyme lactase in the small intestine. The purpose of lactase is to break down lactose, the sugar found in milk and dairy products, into smaller, more easily digestible components. Without enough lactase, the lactose remains undigested and unabsorbed, passing through the small intestine and into the colon.
Once in the colon, the undigested lactose interacts with the bacteria that naturally reside there. These bacteria ferment the lactose, causing the production of gases and other byproducts. It is this fermentation process that leads to the various symptoms of lactose intolerance, such as bloating, gas, abdominal pain, and diarrhea.
Understanding the relationship between the small intestine, lactase deficiency, and the subsequent bacterial fermentation is key to comprehending the cause and effects of lactose intolerance.