CREST syndrome, also referred to as limited scleroderma, is an autoimmune condition that shares similarities with other types of scleroderma. The hallmark of CREST syndrome is the excessive production and accumulation of collagen, which causes the skin to harden. However, unlike systemic scleroderma, CREST syndrome primarily affects areas below the knees and elbows, as well as the face and neck. In rare cases, the symptoms may extend to the internal organs. In contrast, other forms of scleroderma can impact the skin anywhere on the body and also affect internal tissues.
Calcinosis: Symptoms and Effects
Calcinosis is one of the distinctive features of CREST syndrome, characterized by the accumulation of calcium deposits in the connective tissue. This leads to the tightening and thickening of the skin, giving it a shiny appearance due to increased tension. The effects of calcinosis can result in difficulties in bending or moving fingers and toes, as well as opening the mouth. Additionally, small bumps may become noticeable under the skin as a result of this condition.
Understanding Raynaud’s Phenomenon
Raynaud’s phenomenon is a common symptom associated with CREST syndrome, a condition characterized by various symptoms including Raynaud’s phenomenon, calcinosis, esophageal dysfunction, sclerodactyly, and telangiectasia. This particular symptom occurs when there is a disruption in blood flow to the small blood vessels that supply the fingers and toes.
In individuals with Raynaud’s phenomenon, exposure to cold temperatures or emotional stress triggers spasms in the blood vessels, leading to restricted blood flow. As a result, the affected areas, typically the fingers and toes, may become pale, numb, and cold, eventually turning blue or grey.
Once circulation is restored, the affected areas may turn red, accompanied by tingling or throbbing sensations. It is important to note that while Raynaud’s phenomenon is often an early indicator of CREST syndrome, some individuals may experience Raynaud’s phenomenon without developing scleroderma.