Understanding Arthrogryposis
Arthrogryposis is a condition characterized by the congenital contracture of two or more joints. This condition is typically identified either during pregnancy or shortly after birth and commonly affects both the arms and legs. The joints most commonly affected include the shoulder, elbow, wrist, and hand in the upper extremities, as well as the hips, knees, and ankles in the lower extremities. While the exact cause of arthrogryposis is still unknown, it is often associated with underlying genetic conditions.
Capsular Contracture: Understanding the Hardening of Breast Tissue
Capsular contracture refers to the hardening of breast tissue surrounding a breast implant. The severity of this condition is graded using the Baker Grading Scale. In the initial grade (grade I), the breast feels soft and maintains a normal appearance. However, as the condition progresses to grade IV, the breast becomes visibly abnormal, characterized by hardness and pain. Unfortunately, there are currently no approved methods to prevent or treat capsular contracture beyond grade IV, which may necessitate the removal of the implant.