Risk Factors
According to the American Psychiatric Association, hoarding is more prevalent among older adults aged 55 to 94 compared to those in their 30s or 40s. The exact cause of hoarding disorder remains unknown, though researchers have identified several risk factors. While studies suggest that men are more likely to hoard than women, both genders can develop the disorder. Additionally, there may be a genetic component, as many individuals with hoarding disorders have a family member who also exhibits symptoms. Traumatic life events, such as the loss of a loved one, can trigger or intensify hoarding behaviors. Furthermore, certain research indicates that brain injuries may contribute to the development of hoarding tendencies.
Clinical Symptoms of Hoarding Disorder
Hoarding disorder, once considered an obsessive-compulsive behavior, was recognized as a distinct diagnosis by the DSM-5 in 2013. Unlike individuals with OCD, research indicates that people with hoarding disorder exhibit different brain functions. The onset of hoarding symptoms typically occurs during adolescence, around the age of 13. If left untreated, the disorder becomes chronic and progressively worsens over time. As clutter accumulates, dysfunction levels rise, often leading to significant distress for the individual. This distress can manifest as diminished work performance or strained relationships. It is worth noting that approximately 75% of individuals with hoarding disorder also experience other mental health conditions, such as depression, alcohol abuse, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, or social anxiety.