Calluses are formed as a result of the excessive growth of keratin, which is the same protein found in fingernails. These growths are triggered by consistent rubbing or pressure on the skin, serving as a protective barrier against further irritation. Unlike the surrounding skin, calluses are usually less sensitive to touch; however, they can become painful if they become infected.
Types of Calluses
Calluses come in two primary types: discrete nucleated and diffuse-shearing. Discrete nucleated calluses are characterized by a focused lesion that contains a central keratin plug. These calluses are often sensitive to touch and can be easily confused with warts. On the other hand, diffuse-shearing calluses are typically larger, measuring over 1 centimeter in diameter, and do not have a keratin plug. Unlike discrete nucleated calluses, diffuse-shearing calluses are usually painless.
Understanding the Difference: Calluses vs. Corns
When it comes to the health of our feet, it’s important to understand the difference between calluses and corns. Although they may appear similar, they have distinct characteristics that set them apart.
Both calluses and corns are characterized by the presence of thick, rough areas of skin or raised, hardened bumps. However, the primary cause of their formation differs. Calluses develop as a result of repeated friction on the skin, typically caused by friction from ill-fitting shoes or repetitive activities. On the other hand, corns arise due to excessive pressure on the skin, often caused by bone rubbing against the skin.
One noticeable difference between calluses and corns is the level of pain experienced. Corns tend to be more painful when pressed or squeezed, as they contain a central core that can irritate the surrounding tissues. Calluses, on the other hand, may or may not be painful, depending on their location and severity.
Additionally, calluses are usually larger, flatter, and more spread out than corns. Their size and shape can vary depending on the area affected and the underlying cause. Corns, on the other hand, are typically smaller and have a more concentrated appearance.
It’s important to address both calluses and corns to prevent discomfort and potential complications. Regular exfoliation, moisturization, and wearing properly fitted footwear can help prevent the formation of calluses and corns. In cases where these conditions become troublesome, seeking professional advice from a podiatrist or foot specialist is recommended.