Role of Hormones
Sex hormones known as androgens have a vital role in the production of sebum. In particular, testosterone has been found to stimulate the secretion of sebum, which is why boys tend to experience more skin issues during puberty compared to girls. However, recent studies indicate that progesterone, a hormone involved in menstruation, can also contribute to increased sebum production in women, particularly during the week leading up to their periods. This is because when estrogen and progesterone levels decrease before menstruation, testosterone levels relatively rise. Consequently, many women may notice a surge in oil production and breakouts just before the onset of their menstrual flow.
Sebum Production at Different Stages of Life
Sebum production in babies gradually increases from the age of three to six months until it reaches the same level as that of adults. During puberty, sebum production reaches its peak in the early twenties and then starts to decrease in the late twenties. Women typically experience a significant decline in sebum production after menopause, which can result in dry skin. On the other hand, men tend to maintain strong sebum production well into their later years of life.