Risk Factors
Sjogren’s syndrome is more frequently observed in women who are over the age of 40. Additionally, individuals who already have a rheumatic disease, such as rheumatoid arthritis or lupus, are at a higher risk of developing this condition.
Diagnosis
When diagnosing a patient with Sjogren’s syndrome, the doctor will initially assess the amount of fluid being produced in the eyes and mouth to confirm dryness. Scans may be conducted to examine the salivary glands, which tend to be larger, harder, or tender in patients with Sjogren’s syndrome. A biopsy of the salivary gland can reveal abnormalities that further support the diagnosis. Blood tests may also be conducted to detect the presence of additional antibodies, such as antinuclear antibodies (ANA), as well as Sjogren’s syndrome A and B (SS-A and SS-B) antibodies. If a patient is diagnosed with primary Sjogren’s syndrome, it means they do not have any other underlying rheumatic disorder. On the other hand, secondary Sjogren’s syndrome occurs alongside another rheumatic disorder, such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).