When it comes to measuring blood pressure, there are two numbers to consider: the top number, known as systolic blood pressure, and the bottom number, referred to as diastolic pressure. Systolic blood pressure represents the force exerted on the artery walls during each heartbeat, while diastolic pressure indicates the pressure on the artery walls when the heart is at rest between beats.
Korotkoff Sounds
Diastolic pressure readings can be obtained by medical practitioners through the use of a sphygmomanometer and a stethoscope to listen for Korotkoff sounds. A sphygmomanometer is a device that consists of an inflatable cuff with a gauge. The practitioner will inflate the cuff to restrict the flow of arterial blood, and then proceed to listen to the brachial artery while slowly deflating the cuff. The point on the gauge where tapping sounds, known as Korotkoff sounds, first appear indicates the systolic blood pressure. On the other hand, the point where these sounds cease represents the diastolic pressure.
Pulse Pressure and Its Indicators
Pulse pressure refers to the disparity between systolic and diastolic pressure. While it can sometimes indicate an underlying health issue, it is not always a cause for concern. An individual who is in good physical condition, such as a well-trained athlete, may experience an increase in systolic pressure during exercise, as their cardiac output rises. In contrast, their diastolic pressure may decrease due to a change in peripheral resistance.