Causes of Essential Myoclonus
Essential myoclonus, a type of myoclonus that occurs without an underlying illness, does not typically worsen over time or impair cognitive function. Its cause is often unknown, a condition referred to as idiopathic. Some cases of essential myoclonus are hereditary, with a mutation in the epsilon-sarcoglycan gene responsible for 30 to 50% of these cases. Interestingly, the likelihood of developing essential myoclonus is higher if the individual inherited the mutated gene from their father rather than their mother.
Causes of Myoclonus: Epileptic
Individuals with epileptic disorders may experience epileptic myoclonus. This type of myoclonus can occur in both primary generalized epilepsy syndromes, such as Jeavon’s syndrome and juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME), as well as secondary (symptomatic) generalized epilepsy syndromes, like primary myoclonic epilepsy (PME). People with PME may experience myoclonus, seizures, and difficulties with speech or coordination. PME typically emerges during childhood or adolescence. It is important to note that PME is a rare condition that is often progressive and, in some cases, can even be fatal.