Complications of Chiari Malformation
Chiari malformation can lead to various complications, some of which are progressive in nature. One such complication is the accumulation of excess fluid in the brain, also known as hydrocephalus. To address this issue, a shunt may be placed to redirect the excess fluid to another part of the body.
Another potential complication is the development of syringomyelia, which involves the formation of a cyst or cavity within the spinal cord. This cyst can cause severe damage to the central portion of the cord, resulting in nerve damage. The consequences of syringomyelia can include chronic pain, difficulty walking, numbness in the extremities, and stiffness in the back, arms, and legs.
Diagnosis
Identifying primary Chiari malformation is challenging as there is currently no prenatal test available for it. Since the condition often remains asymptomatic until later stages of life, it is typically detected during the evaluation or management of other disorders. For instance, an abnormality may be observed in a spinal x-ray, prompting the need for additional testing. In such cases, or when an individual presents with symptoms, a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan is employed to confirm the diagnosis.