Virus Infection and its Link to Cancer
The World Health Organization reports that approximately 15% of the nearly 10 million annual cancer deaths are caused by viruses, such as hepatitis and human papillomavirus (HPV). These cancer-causing infections have the ability to reprogram DNA, specifically targeting tumor suppressor proteins known as p53 and pRB. This reprogramming process involves breaking the DNA of both the virus and the body, which can result in accelerated damage and abnormal cell growth, leading to the development of cancer.
Injury and Neoplasm
Neoplasm growth can be a consequence of tissue injury. For instance, the liver can suffer from compromised function and a three to 10-fold increased risk of carcinoma due to continuous injury caused by excessive alcohol consumption. Similarly, chronic stomach ulcer infections caused by the H. pylori bacteria can ultimately lead to stomach cancer. Another factor that can contribute to neoplasm growth is necrotic cell death. When cells undergo necrosis, they rupture, leading to the sudden release of their contents. This release causes inflammation in the system and triggers the progression of neoplasms.