Tritanomaly and Tritanopia
Tritanomaly and tritanopia are two conditions that affect individuals with damaged or missing S-cones, causing confusion between blue and green, as well as yellow and violet. Studies show that tritanomaly is a relatively uncommon condition, occurring in approximately one out of every 10,000 individuals. It is believed to have a chromosomal link, specifically a defect in chromosome 7, which is not influenced by gender. Additionally, it is possible to develop a tritan defect if the lens of the eye becomes less transparent due to age or a significant impact to the head.
Monochromacy: Complete Color Blindness
Monochromacy, also known as monochromatism, is an extremely rare condition in which individuals see only shades of grey. However, monochromacy encompasses a range of color deficiencies, causing individuals to confuse certain colors. For example, those with monochromacy may mistake yellow for white, green for blue, or red for black. This extreme form of color blindness can be categorized into three specific types: rod monochromacy, blue-cone monochromacy, and cerebral achromatopsia.