Vesicoureteral Reflux (VUR)
Vesicoureteral Reflux (VUR) is a condition characterized by the backward flow of urine from the bladder towards the kidney. This occurs when there is a blockage at the ureteropelvic junction, where the ureter connects to the kidney. It can also happen at the connection to the bladder, known as the ureterovesical junction, or in boys, at the posterior urethral valve in the urethra. VUR can affect either a single ureter or both. One of the consequences of VUR is the development of hydronephrosis, which refers to the buildup of urine in the kidneys. In some cases, doctors can identify this common fetal abnormality as early as the first trimester. Furthermore, VUR can also impact older children and adults who have inherited it from their parents.
Other Conditions Affecting the Ureter
While injuries to the ureters and kidneys are uncommon, they can still occur. The majority of these injuries are caused by complications arising from surgical or medical procedures. Another condition that affects the ureters is the formation of kidney stones, which happens when urine becomes concentrated and crystallizes. These stones can become lodged anywhere along the urinary tract, and when they get stuck in the ureters, they are referred to as ureteral stones. When this happens, the flow of urine into the bladder is blocked, resulting in pain that starts in the back and ribs and radiates down to the lower abdomen.