Infection
Understanding the role of bacterial species in acne development is an ongoing area of research. Among these species, Cutibacterium acnes is believed to be associated with moderate to severe inflammatory acne. However, it remains uncertain whether the species is acquired or develops on the affected individual. Additionally, studies suggest that the presence of the parasitic mite Demodex might contribute to acne formation, although it is not yet clear whether eliminating the parasite leads to a resolution of breakouts.
Medications that can cause acne
Acne is a common side effect of certain medications. These medications often contain corticosteroids, lithium, or testosterone. When acne is caused by anabolic-androgenic steroids, it is known as steroid acne. Additionally, contraceptives such as birth control pills and similar options can also contribute to the development of acne in women. This is because they reduce circulating sex hormone-binding globulin, which can trigger acne outbreaks.