Physical Effect
Broken heart syndrome, also known as takotsubo cardiomyopathy, is characterized by a unique physical effect on the heart. This effect has led to the alternative names for the condition. X-rays of the left ventricle of the heart reveal a phenomenon called apical ballooning. Apical ballooning occurs when the heart contracts, causing the midsection and the tip of the left ventricle to expand outward. In contrast, the base of the heart contracts normally. This abnormal shape resembles a takotsubo, which is a round, narrow-necked Japanese vessel traditionally used for catching octopuses. Hence, takotsubo cardiomyopathy is another term used to describe broken heart syndrome.
Hormonal Causes
While the exact causes of broken heart syndrome are not fully understood by doctors, there are several theories that suggest hormonal factors may play a role. This condition often occurs following highly emotional or stressful events, leading some medical professionals to believe that stress hormones may be involved. When the body experiences certain triggers, such as emotional distress, it releases a surge of stress hormones like adrenaline. It is believed that these hormones may somehow damage the heart or disrupt its normal functioning. However, the specific mechanism by which these hormones affect the heart is still unclear. Additionally, some physicians propose that temporary constriction of the heart’s arteries could also contribute to the development of broken heart syndrome.