Castleman disease, also known as giant lymph node hyperplasia, is an uncommon condition that affects the lymph nodes and lymphatic tissues, which play a crucial role in the immune system. This disorder leads to an abnormal proliferation of cells, resulting in the enlargement of the affected lymph nodes. Additionally, Castleman disease interferes with the production of essential immune system cells such as white and red blood cells, lymphocytes, and platelets. Although Castleman disease is not classified as cancer, its symptoms closely resemble those of cancer, making diagnosis a challenging task.
Symptoms of Castleman Disease
Castleman disease manifests with a range of symptoms, although some individuals may not experience any at all. One common symptom is the appearance of lumps beneath the skin at the sites of the lymph nodes. These lumps can be problematic if they develop in the chest area as they exert pressure on the windpipe and other respiratory organs, leading to breathing difficulties. Abdominal lumps, on the other hand, can cause a sensation of fullness, resulting in unintentional weight loss or difficulties in eating. Additional symptoms associated with Castleman disease include fever, severe infections, nausea, swelling in the legs, and skin rashes.
Diagnosis: Differentiating from Other Conditions
When diagnosing Castleman disease, it is crucial to distinguish it from lymphoma, rheumatoid arthritis, and other common diseases. This initial step involves ruling out these conditions. The physician will conduct a thorough examination of the lymph nodes located in the neck, under the arms, and in the groin to assess their size. Additionally, blood tests will be ordered to detect any abnormalities, such as low levels of red blood cells and elevated levels of antibodies, which may indicate the presence of Castleman disease. Furthermore, diagnostic imaging techniques, such as chest and abdominal scans, can provide valuable information about the size of lymph nodes in these areas. Ultimately, the doctor will perform a biopsy on any suspicious lymph nodes to confirm the diagnosis.