Diagnosing Hypercalcemia
Identifying Hypercalcemia can be challenging as it may not present any noticeable symptoms. Therefore, it often goes undetected until routine blood work is ordered by a physician. During the blood test, calcium levels are measured, and parathyroid hormone levels can also be assessed to determine if hyperparathyroidism is the cause.
If hyperparathyroidism is ruled out as the cause of hypercalcemia, further tests may be conducted to determine the underlying condition. Imaging tests, such as mammograms and lung scans, can be used to detect breast cancer, lung cancer, and sarcoidosis, among other potential causes.
Treating Hypercalcemia with Medication
When it comes to treating hypercalcemia, there are various medication options that doctors may consider. The specific treatment approach depends on the severity of the condition and its underlying cause.
In mild cases of hypercalcemia, doctors may opt for a “wait and see” approach. This involves closely monitoring the health of the kidneys and bones over time to determine if any intervention is necessary.
If hyperparathyroidism is identified as the cause of hypercalcemia, doctors may prescribe a medication called a calcimimetic. This medication helps control the production of parathyroid hormone, thereby reducing calcium levels in the blood.
For cases of hypercalcemia caused by cancer, doctors typically utilize bisphosphonates. These intravenous osteoporosis medications are effective in rapidly lowering blood calcium levels.
In situations where excessive vitamin D levels are responsible for hypercalcemia, short-term use of steroids may be beneficial. Steroids can help regulate vitamin D levels and alleviate the condition.
In severe cases of hypercalcemia, hospitalization may be necessary. During hospitalization, intravenous fluids and diuretics are administered to lower calcium levels and prevent life-threatening complications.