Hysteria refers to an individual experiencing heightened and uncontrollable emotions and behaviors. Once a widely recognized medical condition, it is no longer officially acknowledged. Today, the American Psychological Association (APA) classifies the symptoms associated with hysteria as either somatic symptom disorder (SSD) or conversion disorder (CD). The former entails an amplified emotional reaction to physical symptoms, whereas the latter involves mental distress manifesting as physical ailments.
Evolution of Hysteria Throughout History
The concept of hysteria can be traced back to ancient Egypt, where it first emerged. However, it wasn’t until the 16th and 17th centuries that people started attributing hysteria to specific causes. According to prevailing beliefs at the time, hysteria was thought to occur due to the retention of fluids in the uterus, sexual deprivation, or even the uterus wandering within the body, causing irritability. Unsurprisingly, these theories led to the conclusion that only women could suffer from hysteria. The recommended treatment for this condition was marriage and frequent sexual encounters with one’s husband.
During the late 1800s, however, the understanding of hysteria began to shift. It was now recognized as a psychological disorder rather than a physiological one. Notably, French neurologist Jean-Martin Charcot played a significant role in the evolution of this understanding. He treated patients with hysteria, predominantly women, using hypnosis. Charcot’s innovative approach caught the attention of Austrian psychoanalyst Sigmund Freud, who studied under him. Freud’s observations and experiences with hysteria eventually led to the development of psychoanalytic therapy.
Exploring the Causes of Somatic Symptom Disorder (SSD)
Somatic Symptom Disorder (SSD), previously known as hysteria, does not have a pinpointed cause. However, several factors are believed to contribute to the development of this condition. These factors include genetics, environmental influences, a predisposition towards negativity, and difficulties in processing emotions. It is important to note that while individuals who have experienced physical or sexual abuse are more susceptible to SSD, not all individuals with this disorder have a history of abuse.