Stages of Onchocerciasis
Onchocerciasis presents itself in various stages, which can range in severity based on the number of parasites present and the body’s response to them. The disease progresses through distinct phases, starting with papular onchodermatitis. This initial stage is characterized by the emergence of round blemishes all over the body. As the disease advances, it develops into chronic papular onchodermatitis or hyperpigmentation.
As onchocerciasis continues to progress, additional symptoms manifest, including edema, lesions, scales, scars, and susceptibility to bacterial infections. These symptoms collectively contribute to the development of Lichenified onchodermatitis. In the subsequent stage, known as skin atrophy, the skin loses its elasticity and takes on a reptilian appearance. The disease further progresses to spotty depigmentation, followed by the glaucoma effect or visual problems, which can severely impact eyesight.
Diagnosing Onchocerciasis: Methods Used by Doctors
Diagnosing onchocerciasis, commonly known as river blindness, can be challenging, especially in cases where the infection is mild or in travelers who acquire the disease while visiting foreign countries. However, there are several effective methods that doctors employ to diagnose this condition.
One widely used diagnostic method is the skin snip test. During this procedure, a doctor scrapes a small piece of skin and exposes it to saline or other physiologic solutions. This process triggers the emergence of larvae if present in the sample. To ensure accuracy, physicians usually collect six skin snips from various areas of the body.
In cases where the larvae are not visible through the skin snip test, doctors may also employ a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test. This molecular biology technique helps detect the presence of the parasite even when it cannot be seen through other diagnostic methods.
By utilizing these diagnostic techniques, doctors can effectively identify and diagnose onchocerciasis, enabling them to provide appropriate treatment and care for affected individuals.