Neurological Causes
The exact cause of excoriation disorder remains unknown, but doctors and researchers have put forth several theories. Interestingly, motivations for picking in individuals with this condition can vary when it co-occurs with other disorders. For instance, when excoriation disorder is accompanied by obsessive-compulsive disorder, the person may perceive their skin as contaminated, leading to the urge to pick. On the other hand, when it coexists with body dysmorphic disorder, the individual may engage in picking at perceived imperfections. Researchers have found a potential connection between dopamine levels and excoriation, suggesting that dysfunction in the brain’s reward system may be a contributing factor to the development of this disorder.
Understanding Behavioral Concerns
According to numerous psychologists and researchers, excoriation, or skin picking, is not only influenced by neurological factors but also by the stress response. It is believed that individuals engage in skin picking as a way to cope with high levels of stress, arousal, or sadness. A comprehensive review published in the journal Research in Developmental Disabilities in 2010 supports this notion. Additionally, some experts suggest that excoriation disorder may stem from repressed rage, particularly emotions triggered by overbearing or authoritarian guardians. Numerous clinical studies have found significant associations between traumatic events during childhood and the development of excoriation disorder.