The human circulatory system is a highly intricate network of veins and arteries that extends throughout the entire body. Arteries are responsible for transporting oxygen-rich blood, which is vital for the proper functioning of cells. Among the many arteries in the body, the brachial artery plays a crucial role as it serves as the primary blood supply to the arm, forearm, hands, and fingers. Notably, due to its proximity to the surface of the arm, locating the brachial artery is relatively simple, making it a valuable resource for doctors during various medical assessments and procedures.
Origin: the Axillary Artery
The axillary artery originates in the axilla, commonly known as the armpit. It then transitions into the brachial artery, beginning at the teres major muscle located on the underside of the upper arm, between the elbow and shoulder. The brachial artery extends to the cubital fossa, situated on the inner elbow. At this point, it further divides into the ulnar artery and radial artery, which traverse along the two bones of the forearm.
Primary Blood Supply to the Arm
The arm receives its primary blood supply from the brachial artery and its branches. This vital vessel runs from the axilla (armpit) all the way down to the hand. The brachial artery directly supplies blood to the biceps muscle. However, the triceps and deltoid muscles receive their blood from the profunda brachii or deep brachial artery. This artery branches off from the main brachial artery, along with the ulnar and radial arteries, to ensure a sufficient blood supply to the entire arm.