The Two Hemispheres of the Brain
Within the brain, the left and right hemispheres are separated by a deep groove known as the longitudinal fissure. Each hemisphere has its own unique set of functions and activities, leading to the common notion of being “left-brained” or “right-brained.” In individuals who are right-hand dominant, language skills such as grammar and vocabulary are typically lateralized to the left hemisphere. However, in about half of left-hand dominant individuals, language processing is bilateral or right-lateralized. On the other hand, sensory processing, facial perception, and artistic ability are usually presented bilaterally across both hemispheres. When it comes to number estimation and comparison, these functions are also bilateral, although the actual calculations are primarily carried out in the left parietal regions.
Hippocampus
The hippocampus, found in both hemispheres of the human brain, plays a crucial role in the conversion of short-term memories into long-term memories. Additionally, it is responsible for spatial memory, enabling humans to navigate and orient themselves. Although there is ongoing debate among experts, the general consensus is that the hippocampus aids in the formation of new memories. Some specialists even suggest that it is involved in retaining factual information rather than solely creating memories. Moreover, this section of the brain appears to encode emotional context alongside the memories it assists in creating, allowing for a recurring emotional response to past events.