Japan and the Impact of Decreased Pertussis Vaccination Rates
During the past, Japan experienced a tragic decline in vaccination rates for pertussis or whooping cough. Initially, in 1974, nearly 80 percent of Japanese children received pertussis vaccinations. However, within just two years, this rate drastically dropped to a mere 10 percent by 1976. The consequences of this decline were dire, as evidenced by the pertussis epidemic that struck Japan in 1979. The epidemic resulted in over 13,000 reported cases and a staggering 41 deaths. Recognizing the urgency, the Japanese government reinstated the pertussis vaccine in 1981, effectively putting an end to the epidemic. This case serves as a compelling reminder of the crucial role vaccinations play in preserving herd immunity and safeguarding public health.
Examples of Herd Immunity in the United States
Herd immunity has proven to be highly beneficial in the United States, as demonstrated by significant reductions in disease outbreaks. One notable example is the impact of herd immunity on diphtheria. In the early 1920s, approximately 200,000 Americans were infected with diphtheria annually. However, with the introduction of the diphtheria vaccine in 1923, the concept of herd immunity began to take effect. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the number of diphtheria cases between 2004 and 2014 was only two.
Another striking case of herd immunity at work occurred during the rubella epidemic in the United States between 1964 and 1965, which tragically claimed the lives of over 12 million individuals, including 2,000 babies. However, the introduction of the rubella vaccine in 1969 marked a turning point. Since 2012, there have been only 12 reported cases of rubella, showcasing the success of herd immunity in preventing widespread outbreaks of this disease.