Effects of Smoking on Acid Reflux
Smoking is a significant contributor to acid reflux, causing damage to the mucous membranes and resulting in various issues within the digestive tract. Moreover, this habit impairs the function of the lower esophageal sphincter, leading to an increase in the production of stomach acid. Additionally, smoking reduces the production of saliva, which plays a crucial role in neutralizing the acid and slows down the esophageal muscle reflex. The combination of these factors, along with decreased production of acid-reducing saliva, can significantly increase the risk of experiencing acid reflux.
Effects of Alcohol on the Digestive System
Alcohol, despite not being highly acidic, can have negative effects on the digestive system. It can lead to the relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter, which causes involuntary regurgitation even after the immediate effects of alcohol have worn off. Additionally, certain mixers like orange juice can further damage the protective barriers of the stomach and esophagus, exacerbating the issue.