Duodenal ulcers, a type of peptic ulcers, can develop either in the stomach (known as gastric ulcers) or in the duodenum. The duodenum refers to the section of the small intestine that connects to the bottom part of the stomach. Both the stomach and the duodenum are protected by a layer of mucus which shields the underlying tissues from the corrosive gastric acids responsible for food digestion. However, when this protective mucous lining gets damaged, it results in the formation of a reddish indentation or crater known as an ulcer. This ulcer penetrates the underlying tissue. While the primary cause of duodenal ulcers is typically the bacterium H. pylori, certain medications can also lead to the development of this condition, although such cases are rare.
Symptom: Pain
The most common symptom of a duodenal ulcer is pain. This pain is often described as a burning or gnawing sensation, similar to hunger pangs. It is typically felt between the breastbone and navel, and sometimes radiates to the back. The pain tends to occur around mealtime and when the individual is hungry, and it can even wake a person up at night. The duration of the pain can range from a few minutes to several hours.
Interestingly, consuming certain beverages like orange juice or coffee can trigger the pain. It is also worth noting that individuals with duodenal ulcers may wake up feeling fine, but start experiencing pain later in the morning, typically two to three hours after each meal. Fortunately, the discomfort can be alleviated by eating or by taking an antacid.
It is important to mention that some patients, especially the elderly, may not experience any pain at all.
Symptom: Digestive Problems
When someone develops an ulcer, it can lead to a range of digestive problems. One common symptom is feeling excessively full even after consuming a small meal. Additionally, individuals with ulcers may experience feelings of bloating or nausea, and may even vomit or retch. Loss of appetite and unexplained weight loss are also potential effects of ulcers, as well as the development of heartburn. Moreover, many individuals with duodenal ulcers struggle with digesting fatty foods, finding them difficult to tolerate.