Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a condition that affects a small percentage of premature infants, occurring in about 1 in every 2000 to 1 in every 4000 cases. It is more commonly found in formula-fed babies during their second or third week of life, but it can also develop in near-term and full-term babies. NEC is characterized by damage to the intestinal tract, ranging from minor mucosal injuries to severe necrosis and perforation. Unfortunately, the mortality rate for NEC is high, with approximately 50% of affected infants not surviving. Therefore, it is crucial for parents of premature infants, in particular, to be vigilant and aware of the symptoms associated with necrotizing enterocolitis.
Feeding Difficulties in Infants with NEC
Feeding intolerance is a common issue faced by infants who suffer from necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). Despite attempts to alleviate the problem, such as using sensitive formula or alternatives to cow’s milk like goat’s milk or soy, these infants still struggle to tolerate their feeds. There are various signs indicating feeding intolerance, including crying during or after a feeding, gagging while feeding, excessive gas, and frequent spitting up or vomiting. In severe cases, doctors may resort to replacing bottle feeding with a feeding tube to ensure the infant receives sufficient nutrition.
Failure to Thrive: Signs and Symptoms
When it comes to babies diagnosed with failure to thrive, particularly premature infants, it is crucial to remain vigilant for additional indicators of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). Apart from the primary diagnosis, failure to thrive manifests through various symptoms. These include inadequate weight gain, irritability, fussiness, excessive sleepiness, and rapid exhaustion even after minimal physical exertion. It is important to note that failure to thrive can occur despite the parents’ diligent efforts in promoting weight gain, providing comfort, and providing appropriate care for their infant.