Fifth disease, also known as Erythema infectiosum, is a viral rash that primarily affects children and is named as such because it is the fifth condition in a list of viral rashes that commonly occur in childhood. The other four include measles/mumps, rubella, roseola, and chickenpox. While fifth disease is typically mild in children, it can manifest as a more severe illness in adults, although cases among adults are relatively rare.
The parvovirus B19 is responsible for causing fifth disease, and it spreads through respiratory secretions such as sneezing and coughing. It is worth noting that approximately 20 percent of young patients with fifth disease do not exhibit any symptoms, yet they can still transmit the virus to others.
Bright Red Cheeks: A Common Symptom of Fifth Disease
One of the primary indicators of fifth disease is the appearance of bright red cheeks. This characteristic was so distinct that the condition was previously referred to as “slapped cheek disease”. However, it is important to note that the redness is not limited to the cheeks only; it can also affect other parts of the body. If your child develops this noticeable symptom, it is crucial to seek medical advice promptly.
A Rash
When it comes to fifth disease, one of the most prominent symptoms is a rash that can appear on various parts of the body. Starting from the cheeks, it can spread to the arms, legs, and torso. This rash can take on different forms, being either raised or flat, and can persist for a variable duration, ranging from a few days to over a month.
In some cases, the rash may cause itchiness and exhibit a distinctive lacy pattern. It typically presents with redness in the center and fades to whiteness towards the edges. Activities such as exercising, bathing, or even rubbing the skin can exacerbate the irritation. Interestingly, emotional distress can also trigger the recurrence of the rash.
However, it is important to note that not everyone affected by fifth disease will develop a rash. Conversely, some individuals may experience a rash that lasts for several weeks. Both scenarios are considered common manifestations of fifth disease. Furthermore, it is worth mentioning that the appearance and severity of the rash can change as the skin comes into contact with different environmental factors.