Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS) is an uncommon disorder characterized by dysfunctions in both the central nervous system and blood circulation. Despite its seemingly complex name, it accurately describes the condition’s key features. “Postural” indicates body position, while “orthostatic” specifically refers to dizziness and fluctuations in blood pressure. “Tachycardia” denotes a rapid heart rate. Lastly, “syndrome” implies that POTS is not an isolated disease, but rather a cluster of symptoms that often manifest together.
Types of POTS
Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome (POTS) manifests in two primary forms: partial dysautonomia and hyperadrenergic POTS. Partial dysautonomia is characterized by mild nerve damage that impacts involuntary functions and disrupts the body’s ability to maintain optimal blood pressure when changing positions, such as standing up. Consequently, blood may accumulate in the lower body, leading to pooling. On the other hand, hyperadrenergic POTS is less prevalent and develops gradually, often associated with elevated levels of the stress hormone norepinephrine. It may also have a genetic component and can be inherited. Additionally, POTS can be a secondary condition resulting from an underlying medical condition.
Symptoms of Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome (POTS)
Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome (POTS) is characterized by various common symptoms, particularly related to heart rate. Typically, the resting heart rate for an individual ranges between 70 and 80 beats per minute. Under normal circumstances, when standing up, the heart rate increases by 10 to 15 beats per minute before returning to its resting state. However, POTS patients experience a much more pronounced increase in heart rate upon standing, reaching 30 to 50 beats per minute or even more.
Aside from an elevated heart rate, individuals with POTS may experience several other significant symptoms after assuming a standing position. These symptoms include dizziness, lightheadedness, fatigue, shortness of breath, and nausea. Additionally, POTS can also manifest as bloating, constipation, heart palpitations, low blood pressure, and general weakness.