Ankle Joint Proper
The main ankle joint, also known as the talocrural joint or ankle joint proper, is formed by three bones. These are the tibia, fibula, and talus. The tibia and fibula meet at the ends to create a mortise or hole. The talus fits snugly into this mortise. It is worth noting that the tibia and fibula also form their own joint at this location, which some experts consider as a separate third ankle joint. This synovial hinge joint allows for limited motion capabilities.
Dorsiflexion and Plantarflexion
In the realm of joint movements, synovial hinge joints possess the ability to extend or flex a specific body part. In the case of the ankle joint, this particular joint allows for dorsiflexion and plantarflexion. Dorsiflexion involves the flexion of the top side of the foot, resulting in the toes moving closer to the shin. An example of dorsiflexion is walking on tiptoes. On the other hand, plantarflexion is the opposite motion, where the heel moves closer to the back of the leg. Walking on the heels is an example of plantarflexion.