Biochemical Composition of Menisci
The menisci, which are located in the knee joint, possess a remarkable biochemical composition. These structures are comprised of a significant amount of water, accounting for approximately 72% of their total weight. The remaining portion is made up of organic matter, with three-quarters of this being collagen. It is noteworthy that both type I and type II collagen can be found in the menisci, but type I collagen constitutes 80% of this substance.
Vascular Supply of the Menisci
The menisci, like many other structures in the body, rely on a vascular supply for nourishment and healing. During the initial stages of development, each meniscus possesses a network of blood vessels that mainly connect to the inferior and superior lateral and medial genicular arteries. However, as the knees start to bear weight, this circulatory system gradually diminishes. By the age of 40, only the outer regions of the meniscus continue to receive a blood supply. The central portion, on the other hand, relies on the diffusion of fluids for its nutritional needs. Consequently, injuries to the central part of the meniscus often fail to heal or only heal partially.