Diphtheria: The Potential for Nerve Damage
One of the concerning effects of diphtheria is its ability to cause nerve damage in infected individuals. This damage can manifest in various ways, including making swallowing a difficult and arduous task. The toxin produced by the diphtheria bacteria has the potential to harm the nerves in the throat, leading to complications in the swallowing process.
In addition to difficulties with swallowing, the toxin can also impact the nerves and muscles involved in respiration, making breathing a challenging and labored activity for those infected. In severe cases, this can even result in paralysis, necessitating the use of a respirator or other breathing device to support the individual’s respiratory functions.
Furthermore, diphtheria’s harmful effects are not limited to the respiratory system. The toxin can also inflict significant damage to the kidneys, potentially leading to severe impairment. In some cases, dialysis may be required to assist in the proper functioning of the kidneys affected by diphtheria.
Treatment: Antitoxins
Effective treatment for diphtheria requires prompt action to eliminate the bacteria from the bloodstream. Antitoxins, which are antibodies, can also be used to treat other diseases like botulism and tetanus. These powerful medications are derived from various sources including animals, bacteria, and plants, and they work by neutralizing the toxins produced by the pathogens. Although there is a possibility of allergic reactions to antitoxins, doctors can often manage this concern by gradually increasing the dosage.