The Causes and Role of Dopamine in Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome (NMS)
Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) can be caused by various medications, including anti-nausea and anti-vomiting drugs, as well as medications used to treat involuntary muscle movement. Moreover, the sudden discontinuation of medications that target dopamine receptors can also lead to the development of NMS. While the reasons why NMS occurs in certain individuals and not others are still being studied, researchers have identified the inhibition of the D2 dopamine receptor in the brain and spinal cord as a contributing factor.
Dopamine plays a crucial role as a neurotransmitter in the central nervous system (CNS), facilitating the transmission of information. When the receptors in the CNS are blocked, it gives rise to the acute symptoms and complications associated with NMS.
Symptoms of Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome
Neuroleptic malignant syndrome is characterized by distinctive symptoms, including muscle rigidity and high fever. Additionally, this condition can impact mood, mental state, and the autonomic nervous system (ANS), responsible for regulating involuntary functions such as blood pressure and heart rate. People affected by this syndrome may experience the following symptoms: