Osteochondromas and the Risk of Malignancy
Although it is rare, there is a possibility for osteochondroma tumors to become cancerous. However, the likelihood of solitary osteochondromas developing malignancy is less than one percent. On the other hand, individuals with multiple osteochondromas have a higher risk of malignancy. In cases where a tumor is suspected to be malignant, a biopsy will be conducted for further analysis.
When cancer does occur, it typically takes the form of a low-grade type called chondrosarcoma. Treatment for malignant osteochondromas has a very high success rate, with surgical removal of the tumor resulting in a cure for 70-90% of all cases.
Recognizing Malignant Osteochondromas
Identifying signs of malignancy in osteochondromas is crucial for early diagnosis and treatment. While these growths are typically benign, certain symptoms warrant further investigation to rule out the possibility of cancer. If abnormal growth persists beyond skeletal maturity or if pain continues even after puberty, it may indicate malignancy. Another telltale sign is the presence of a thickened cap of cartilage at the end of the bone. Additionally, malignant osteochondromas often develop a mass of soft tissue surrounding the tumor, whereas their benign counterparts consist solely of bone and cartilage.