Medial vs. Lateral
Aside from their location, the medial and lateral menisci also have several other distinctions. Notably, the shape of the lateral meniscus is more rounded and circular compared to the medial meniscus, which is larger in size. Furthermore, the horns of the lateral meniscus, both anterior and posterior, are of equal dimensions, whereas the posterior horn of the medial meniscus is considerably larger than its anterior counterpart.
Water and Its Role in the Menisci
The Importance of Water in the Menisci’s Extracellular Matrix
The extracellular matrix of the menisci, which are crescent-shaped cartilage discs in the knee joint, contains a significant amount of water. Approximately 72 percent of the extracellular matrix is composed of water, although its distribution is not uniform throughout the menisci. Interestingly, there is a higher concentration of water in the posterior region of the menisci compared to the anterior areas.
The Function of Water in the Menisci
Water plays a crucial role in maintaining an optimal hydraulic pressure within the menisci. This hydraulic pressure is essential for the joint’s ability to withstand the friction and resistance generated during movement. By distributing the water unevenly, with a greater concentration towards the back of the menisci, the joint is better equipped to handle the stresses and strains placed upon it.