Cervical Region
The cervical region of the spine serves as the primary connection point for the head, neck, and shoulder girdle. It consists of the vertebrae and internal carotid arteries, which play a vital role in supplying blood directly to the brain. The cervical region is comprised of seven vertebrae, namely C1 to C7, each categorized as either typical or atypical. The typical cervical vertebrae, C3 to C6, are relatively smaller in size compared to other vertebrae in the spinal column. This size difference is due to the fact that they bear less weight. On the other hand, the atypical cervical vertebrae include C1, also known as Atlas, C2, also known as Axis, and C7. The Atlas and Axis vertebrae are specialized in facilitating head movement and attachment to the skull. Among the cervical vertebrae, C7 stands out as the longest one and becomes particularly prominent when the head is tilted forward.
Sacral Region: The Foundation of the Pelvis
The sacral region, a vital part of the human skeletal system, consists of five segments, namely S1 to S5, that unite to create a triangular bone positioned between the lumbar vertebra L5 and the tailbone. Situated at the back of the pelvis, the sacral region forms the sacroiliac joints, which are crucial weight-bearing points that connect to the hip bones. On each side, there are four openings that provide passage for nerves and blood vessels. These sacral nerves and vessels play a significant role in supporting the muscles responsible for controlling essential bodily functions like the pelvic floor, bladder, and anal sphincter.