Symptoms of Paradoxical Embolism: What to Look Out For
Paradoxical embolisms can manifest a range of symptoms depending on where the embolus ends up in the body. These symptoms often imitate those of venous and arterial embolisms. When the embolism affects the brain, it can lead to neurological deficits or even blindness. In cases where blood flow to the extremities is blocked, gangrene may develop, sometimes necessitating amputation. In more severe instances, large or long-lasting paradoxical embolisms can result in irreversible organ damage. For instance, the kidneys are often affected, leading to renal infarction. This, in turn, can cause renal insufficiency or complete renal failure.
Treatment
Treating embolisms is determined by the severity and type of embolus. Physicians have different approaches depending on the circumstances. Anticoagulants are commonly used to dissolve minor blood clots, allowing the blood to flow freely. In some cases, less potent anti-clotting medications may also be effective. Surgical intervention may be necessary to remove foreign body embolisms. Compression bands or stockings can increase blood pressure in the affected limb. Surgeons may also insert a vein filter to prevent emboli from reaching the lungs. If the filter is deemed unnecessary in the long run, it can be removed at a later date.