Savant syndrome is an uncommon phenomenon in which individuals possess exceptional abilities despite having an underlying cognitive impairment. Approximately half of those diagnosed with savant syndrome also have an autism spectrum disorder (ASD), while the other half have some form of central nervous system disease or damage. It is important to note that not all individuals with ASD exhibit savant abilities, and in some cases, these remarkable skills can be acquired following a brain injury, disease, or external influence.
Understanding the Connection between Brain Damage and Savant Syndrome
Scientific studies have revealed a fascinating correlation between savant syndrome and brain damage, specifically in the left hemisphere and the higher-level memory circuits. Interestingly, the parts of the brain that remain undamaged and possess lower-level memory capabilities step in to compensate for the affected areas. In an incredible display of adaptability, the brain undergoes a rewiring process, shifting functions to the right hemisphere to compensate for the activities typically handled by the left hemisphere. This rewiring phenomenon unlocks dormant potentials residing in the right hemisphere, leading to the remarkable abilities observed in individuals with savant syndrome.
Genetic Memory
According to Dr. Darold Treffert, a renowned expert on savant syndrome, individuals with this condition possess the ability to tap into intricate rules of art, mathematics, music, and language, despite their disabilities or lack of formal training. Dr. Treffert suggests that these individuals inherit their exceptional abilities through genetic memory, meaning they are born with an innate talent or knowledge in a specific area. Interestingly, he posits that genetic memory is not exclusive to those with savant syndrome but is present in all human beings. However, it is important to note that not all experts concur with Dr. Treffert’s theories.