Many women encounter a range of symptoms before their monthly menstruation begins. This period, known as premenstrual syndrome (PMS), can manifest as mild or severe symptoms, or some women may not experience it at all. Although the causes of PMS and its more intense form, premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD), are not yet fully comprehended, studies have identified several risk factors that can worsen the prevalence and severity of PMS symptoms. While certain factors are unavoidable, making lifestyle and dietary changes can positively impact PMS symptoms.
Effect of Stress on Premenstrual Symptoms
According to a study published in the Journal of Women’s Health, women who experience high levels of stress in the two weeks leading up to their menstruation are at a heightened risk of experiencing severe premenstrual syndrome (PMS) symptoms. These women often exhibit elevated levels of cortisol, commonly known as the stress hormone. Additionally, research indicates that the severity of PMS symptoms tends to increase in correlation with the level of stress a woman experiences during the month. Fortunately, implementing various stress management techniques such as regular exercise, relaxation methods, meditation, counseling, and biofeedback can significantly reduce stress levels and alleviate the intensity of symptoms during the premenstrual period.
Hormone Fluctuations
One of the natural occurrences in a woman’s body is the fluctuation of hormone levels each month. According to certain experts and studies, these fluctuations are believed to be the main cause of common premenstrual syndrome (PMS) symptoms. The hormones progesterone and estrogen experience sudden drops and increases, leading to symptoms such as headaches, fluid retention, swollen and tender breasts, mood swings, irritability, brain fog, and acne breakouts. However, the severity of these symptoms can vary greatly among women due to the differing degrees of hormone fluctuation.